spring data jpa 常见用法

介绍

Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架，可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能，且易于扩展！学习并使用 Spring Data JPA 可以极大提高开发效率！

spring data jpa让我们解脱了DAO层的操作，基本上所有CRUD都可以依赖于它来实现

基本查询

基本查询也分为两种，一种是spring data默认已经实现，一种是根据查询的方法来自动解析成SQL。

自定义简单查询

自定义的简单查询

就是根据方法名来自动生成SQL，主要的语法是findXXBy,readAXXBy,queryXXBy,countXXBy, getXXBy后面跟属性名称：

基本上SQL体系中的关键词都可以使用，例如：LIKE、 IgnoreCase、 OrderBy。

List<User> findByEmailLike(String email);

User findByUserNameIgnoreCase(String userName);
    
List<User> findByUserNameOrderByEmailDesc(String email

修改、删除、统计也是类似语法

Long deleteById(Long id);

Long countByUserName(String userName)

具体的关键字，使用方法和生产成SQL如下表所示

具体的关键字，使用方法和生产成SQL如下表所示

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age ⇐ ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	… where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)</Age>	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> age)</Age>	… where x.age not in ?1
TRUE	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
FALSE	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)